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Antifungal activity of three plant-based essential oils against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides the causative agent of mango anthracnose: Its implications on inquiry-based learning through Science investigative project

Ronilo V. APONTE1, Charisse V. SAMANIEGO2, and Ruth F. JARDELEZA3
1West Visayas State University and Iloilo National High School
2Iloilo National High School – Senior High School
3Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) – Guimaras National Crop Research Development and Production Support Center (GNCRDPSC), Brgy. San Miguel, Jordan, Guimaras

Corresponding Author’s Email: ronilovaponte@yahoo.com

Abstract

The conception, development, and reporting of the science investigative project (SIP) exemplifies science inquiry in the basic education and addresses deficiency in the laboratory facilities. A community-based problem concerning the occurrence of sunken black spots (Anthracnose) on mango fruit caused by fungal pathogen Colletotrichum
gloeosporioides which was shown to exhibit resistance to fungicide. Hence, in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils from Ocimum sanctum (Yerba buena), Curcuma longa (Dulaw), and Origanum vulgare (Oregano) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was investigated. Initially, essential oils from three plant species were distilled using the MIDAS processor. Pure culture of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was aseptically seeded by pour plate method on the potato dextrose agar plates. Bioassay following the Disc diffusion method by impregnating 6mm diameter filter paper discs with the specific oils, compared to mancozeb (positive control) and distilled water (negative control) prepared in five replicates and laid out in Completely Randomized Design. Incubation proceeded for five days at ambient temperature and measured the diameter of mycelial inhibition. Results exhibited strong and significantly different (p<0.05) fiungicidal activity (Mean±SD) of Origanum vulgare essential oil (40.80 mm±7.01) followed by Ocimum sanctum oil (27.20±5.22) while fungistatic activity of Curcuma longa oil (8.40 mm±2.19) and mancozeb (6.40 mm±0.89), and inactive in distilled water (6.00 mm±0.00) as revealed by One-way ANOVA and LSD. Contrastingly, mancozeb being a short-termed antifungal agent showed fungistatic activity after five-day of incubation. It was demonstrated that essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Ocimum sanctum are potent alternative bio-fungicidal agents while Curcuma longa oils was fungistatic against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. On that account, Science inquiry through SIP implicated collaboration, critical-thinking and personality development among budding researchers. Additionally, SIPs strengthen linkage to research institutions, decipher solutions on community-related problems, and augment the lack of laboratory facilities in the basic education high schools.

Keywords: Science Inquiry, Science Investigative Project, Antifungal Assay, Essential Oils, Central Philippines

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